Three Nuances of the Perfect Indicative in the Greek New Testament

This book analyzes the existence of the three nuances of the perfect
tense occurring in the Greek New Testament: resultative-stative,
anterior (current relevance), and simple past. The ancient Greek perfect
expresses a resultative-stative nuance, with intransitivity dominant.
Some of these archaic perfects survived up to the Koine period and
appear in the Greek New Testament. In Classical Greek, the perfect went
through a transition from resultative to anterior (current relevance)
with increasing transitivity. In the Koine period, the Greek perfect
shows another semantic change from the anterior to simple past. In the
end, the perfect merged with the aorist, ending up in decay. It
disappeared until the modern Greek development of a perfect form
using the auxiliary ἔχω.